Azithromycin dihydrate (CAS 117772-70-0) is a broad-spectrum azalide macrolide antibiotic derived from erythromycin, combining potent antibacterial activity with documented anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. Registered under Azithromycin dihydrate CAS no 117772-70-0, the compound is orally active against a wide range of gram-positive, gram-negative, and atypical pathogens. Enamine offers Azithromycin dihydrate as a high-purity research sample for microbiology, immunology, and translational studies.
Azithromycin dihydrate molecular weight is 785.02 g/mol, with molecular formula C₃₈H₇₂N₂O₁₂·2H₂O. The Azithromycin dihydrate chemical structure belongs to the azalide subclass, featuring a 15-membered lactone ring in which a methyl-substituted nitrogen replaces the carbonyl group at the 9a position — a modification that prevents hepatic metabolism and extends tissue half-life compared to erythromycin. Researchers examine the Azithromycin dihydrate structure to study ribosome-targeting binding geometry and to develop novel macrolide analogs. The compound is soluble in DMSO and ethanol, supporting flexible formulation for in vitro and in vivo experimental designs.
Application of Azithromycin dihydrate
Azithromycin dihydrate is applied across a broad range of research disciplines. In microbiology, it serves as a reference antibiotic for susceptibility testing against respiratory, enteric, genitourinary, and intracellular pathogens, including Chlamydia pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Plasmodium falciparum. In immunology and cell biology, the compound is used to study cytokine modulation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and macrophage inflammatory responses. Additional applications include Zika virus research in glial cell models, corneal allograft survival studies, and biofilm inhibition experiments.
Biochemical and Physiological Actions
Azithromycin dihydrate acts by occupying the peptide exit tunnel of the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit, blocking translocation of tRNA and halting RNA-dependent protein synthesis. Bacterial cell growth and viability are suppressed with an IC₅₀ of 0.4 µg/ml in susceptible strains. Beyond its antibacterial target, the compound suppresses arachidonic acid metabolism and reduces LPS-stimulated production of IL-6 and IL-12 in macrophages. In epithelial cells, Azithromycin dihydrate inhibits Smad3 expression, attenuating EMT and fibrotic signaling — properties that underpin its investigation in cystic fibrosis and chronic airway disease models. High lipid solubility enables extensive tissue distribution, with concentrations in target tissues markedly exceeding plasma levels.
Features and Benefits of Azithromycin dihydrate
Azithromycin dihydrate (CAS 117772-70-0) offers a well-characterized, multifunctional profile for diverse research applications:
- broad-spectrum antibacterial activity covering gram-positive, gram-negative, atypical, and intracellular pathogens;
- documented anti-inflammatory action via cytokine suppression and Smad3-mediated pathway modulation;
- favorable physicochemical properties including high tissue penetration and metabolic stability;
- applicability across microbiology, virology, immunology, and fibrosis research models.
When sourced as EBC-616565, the compound is supplied with analytical quality control data, supporting reproducible integration into biochemical and cellular assay workflows.
